Ah, copying a file — something so simple, it happens all the time. Copy this file there; copy that file here. But what exactly takes place when you copy a file? You actually create a new file, and fill it with the same contents as the original file. And how do you do that?

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Well, it sounds like you have to read each and every byte from the first file, and write it to the second. Big-time yuck.

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But to make matters worse, copying a file means you have to make sure that you copy it exactly the same, that you don’t accidentally tack an extra 0 or two at the end of the file, or an extra carriage return or linefeed at the end of the file (which could happen when you copy a text file).

When all is done, the two files should be identical — not only contain the same information, but also be the same size.

And on top of all that, most good copy routines do even more! They give the new file a date that matches the date of the original file, and they will set all the attributes — including, say, read-only if the original is a read-only file. (If the file is read-only, then maybe you shouldn’t be able to copy it in the first place. . .)

Suddenly copying a file doesn’t sound so easy after all!

If you’re programming in Windows, you’re in luck! As long as you’re not using the ancient Windows 3.1, you get a CopyFile function! To get ready to use it, you include the line #include <windows.h> in your application. Then here’s all you have to do:

How To Copy Output In Dev C Windows 10

This copies from c:/dog.txt to c:/dog2.txt. But notice the final parameter: It’s the word TRUE in all capitals. What’s that? That’s a preprocessor macro defined somewhere in the bowels of the Windows header files.

You have to use either TRUE or FALSE when calling any of the Windows functions. That’s because in the old days of C, when the early versions of Windows were invented, no bool type existed. Those resourceful people of the late 20th century had to define their own TRUE and FALSE as integers (usually either 1 and 0, respectively, or 0 and 1, respectively).

And by the way, that final parameter in CopyFile tells the function what to do if the file you’re copying to already exists: TRUE means don’t overwrite the existing file; just abort. FALSE means overwrite it.

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When we say Input, it means to feed some data into a program. An input can be given in the form of a file or from the command line. C programming provides a set of built-in functions to read the given input and feed it to the program as per requirement.

When we say Output, it means to display some data on screen, printer, or in any file. C programming provides a set of built-in functions to output the data on the computer screen as well as to save it in text or binary files.

The Standard Files

C programming treats all the devices as files. So devices such as the display are addressed in the same way as files and the following three files are automatically opened when a program executes to provide access to the keyboard and screen.

The file pointers are the means to access the file for reading and writing purpose. This section explains how to read values from the screen and how to print the result on the screen.

The getchar() and putchar() Functions

The int getchar(void) function reads the next available character from the screen and returns it as an integer. This function reads only single character at a time. You can use this method in the loop in case you want to read more than one character from the screen.

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The int putchar(int c) function puts the passed character on the screen and returns the same character. This function puts only single character at a time. You can use this method in the loop in case you want to display more than one character on the screen. Check the following example −

When the above code is compiled and executed, it waits for you to input some text. When you enter a text and press enter, then the program proceeds and reads only a single character and displays it as follows −

The gets() and puts() Functions

The char *gets(char *s) function reads a line from stdin into the buffer pointed to by s until either a terminating newline or EOF (End of File).

The int puts(const char *s) function writes the string 's' and 'a' trailing newline to stdout.

NOTE: Though it has been deprecated to use gets() function, Instead of using gets, you want to use fgets().

When the above code is compiled and executed, it waits for you to input some text. When you enter a text and press enter, then the program proceeds and reads the complete line till end, and displays it as follows −

The scanf() and printf() Functions

The int scanf(const char *format, ..) function reads the input from the standard input stream stdin and scans that input according to the format provided.

The int printf(const char *format, ..) function writes the output to the standard output stream stdout and produces the output according to the format provided.

The format can be a simple constant string, but you can specify %s, %d, %c, %f, etc., to print or read strings, integer, character or float respectively. There are many other formatting options available which can be used based on requirements. Let us now proceed with a simple example to understand the concepts better −

When the above code is compiled and executed, it waits for you to input some text. When you enter a text and press enter, then program proceeds and reads the input and displays it as follows −

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Here, it should be noted that scanf() expects input in the same format as you provided %s and %d, which means you have to provide valid inputs like 'string integer'. If you provide 'string string' or 'integer integer', then it will be assumed as wrong input. Secondly, while reading a string, scanf() stops reading as soon as it encounters a space, so 'this is test' are three strings for scanf().